Name : Nur oktafiyani
NPM : 26213623
Class : 3EB10
English Bussines 2
1. Direct
and Indirect Speech
· Direct
Speech
Direct speech or quoted
speech is a sentence (or several sentences) that reports speech or thought in
its original form phrased by the original speaker. It is usually enclosed in
quotation marks.
· Indirect
Speech
Indirect speech is a
means of expressing the content of statements,questions or other utterances,
without quoting them explicitly as is done in direct speech.
· Example
of Direct and Indirect Speech:
v Statement:
ü D:
I told Jerry, “I can fix this computer soon”
I: I told to him that I
could fix this computer immediately.
ü D:
Marry told us, “I have to go now”
I: Marry told to us
that she had to go then.
ü D:
John tells Anne “I will pick you up at seven o’clock tonight”
I: John told to Anne
that he will pick her up at seven o’clock tonight.
ü D:
Andy says “I have had lunch with John recently”
I:
Andy said to marry that he has had lunch with John recently.
ü D:
My mother says, “This flower needs to be watering frequently”
I: My mother said that this flower needs to be watering frequently.
I: My mother said that this flower needs to be watering frequently.
v Command
ü D:
She tells him, “Don’t touch me!”
I:
She told to him not to touch me.
ü D:
His father asks, “Study hard!”
I:
His father asked him to study hard.
ü D:
The gardener tells me “don’t step on the grass!”
I:
The gardener told to me not to step on the grass.
ü D:John
tells Marry, “Hurry up!”
I :John told to marry to hurry up.
ü D:
My mother asked me, “don’t open the gate”
I: My mother asked me not to open the
gate
v Question
ü
D: Aria asked John, “Can you
be quiet for a while?”
I: Aria asked John if he could be quiet for a while.
I: Aria asked John if he could be quiet for a while.
ü D: I asked John, “Does you want to come with us?”
I: I told John whether he wanted to come with us.
I: I told John whether he wanted to come with us.
ü
D: He asked, “Do I have a present for you in my bag?”
I: He asked me whether he had a present for me in his
bag.
ü
D: He
asked me, “ Why do I have to have a present for you in my bag?
I: He asked me why he had to have a present for me in
his bag.
ü
D: Teacher asked me, “why
you not bring the book?”
I:
Teacher asked me wether I was not brought the book.
2. Conditional
Sentences
Conditional sentences are also known
as conditional clauses or if Clauses. They are used to express that the action
in the main clause (without if) can only take place if a certain condition (in
the clause with if) is fulfilled. There are three types of conditional
sentences.
1.
Type 1
The type
1 conditional is used to refer to the present or future where the situation
is real. The type 1 conditional refers to a possible condition and its probable
result. In these sentences the if clause is in the simple present, and the main
clause is in the simple future.
2.
Type 2
The type
2 conditional is used to refer to a time that is now or any time, and a
situation that is unreal. These sentences are not based on fact. The type
2 conditional is used to refer to a hypothetical condition and its probable
result. In type 2 conditional sentences, the if clause uses the simple past,
and the main clause uses the present conditional.
3.
Type 3
The type
3 conditional is used to refer to a time that is in the past, and a
situation that is contrary to reality. The facts they are based on are the
opposite of what is expressed. The type 3 conditional is used to refer to an
unreal past condition and its probable past result. In type 3 conditional
sentences, the if clause uses the past perfect, and the main clause uses the
perfect conditional.
v
Example of Conditional Sentence :
1.
Type 1:
-
If this thing happen, that thing will
happen
-
If you don’t hurry, you will miss the
train
2.
Type 2:
-
If I were a butterfly, I would fly high
-
If I spoke English, I would be working in
new york
3.
Type 3
-
If you had studied hader, you would have
passed the exam
-
If it had
rained, you would have gotten wet.
